All lawyers are graduates. Some graduates are professors. Which conclusion necessarily follows?

All judges are honest. No honest person accepts bribes. Which conclusion necessarily follows?

Some advocates are writers. All writers are readers. Which conclusion necessarily follows?

A rule states 'Documents must be filed in original.' A party files a photocopy. Whether the filing is valid turns most on?

Pointing to a photograph a man said 'She is the daughter of my grandfather's only son.' How is the girl related to the man?

Pointing to a man a woman said 'His mother is the only daughter of my mother.' How is the woman related to the man?

Pointing to a man a boy said 'He is the brother of my mother.' How is the man related to the boy?